TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaffar, Aida
AU  - Mohd-Sidik, Sherina
AU  - Foo, Chai Nien
AU  - Admodisastro, Novia
AU  - Abdul Salam, Sobihatun Nur
AU  - Ismail, Noor Diana
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/2/3
TI  - Improving Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Adherence Among Pregnant Women: Validation Study
JO  - JMIR Hum Factors
SP  - e30989
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
KW  - User-centered design
KW  - mHealth app
KW  - Digital intervention
KW  - mHealth Development and Evaluation Framework
KW  - Usability
KW  - Acceptability
KW  - Pelvic Floor Muscle Training
KW  - Urinary incontinence
KW  - Pregnancy
AB  - Background: Mobile health apps, for example, the Tät, have been shown to be potentially effective in improving pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) among women, but they have not yet been studied among pregnant women. Adherence to daily PFMT will improve pelvic floor muscle strength leading to urinary incontinence (UI) improvement during the pregnancy. Objective: This study aims to document the validation process in developing the Kegel Exercise Pregnancy Training app, which was designed to improve the PFMT adherence among pregnant women. Methods: We utilized an intervention mapping approach incorporated within the mobile health development and evaluation framework. The framework involved the following steps: (1) conceptualization, (2) formative research, (3) pretesting, (4) pilot testing, (5) randomized controlled trial, and (6) qualitative research. The user-centered design-11 checklist was used to evaluate the user-centeredness properties of the app. Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted to better understand PFMT and UI among 440 pregnant women. The study reported a UI prevalence of 40.9% (180/440), with less than half having good PFMT practice despite their good knowledge. Five focus group discussions were conducted to understand the app design preferred by pregnant women. They agreed a more straightforward design should be used for better app usability. From these findings, a prototype was designed and developed accordingly, and the process conformed to the user-centered design–11 (UCD-11) checklist. A PFMT app was developed based on the mHealth development and evaluation framework model, emphasizing higher user involvement in the application design and development. The application was expected to improve its usability, acceptability, and ease of use. Conclusions: The Kegel Exercise Pregnancy Training app was validated using a thorough design and development process to ensure its effectiveness in evaluating the usability of the final prototype in our future randomized control trial study. 
SN  - 2292-9495
UR  - https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2022/1/e30989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/30989
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35113025
DO  - 10.2196/30989
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/30989
ER  -