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Effective Recruitment or Bot Attack? The Challenge of Internet-Based Research Surveys and Recommendations to Reduce Risk and Improve Robustness

Effective Recruitment or Bot Attack? The Challenge of Internet-Based Research Surveys and Recommendations to Reduce Risk and Improve Robustness

However, we could not be sure whether the high number of remaining participants were bots or actual participants who did not continue to the next part of the study, although we assumed they were bots. Yet this scenario presented us with a unique opportunity to attempt to create a bot detection algorithm to distinguish bots from genuine participants in CS2 better using strategies previously recommended in the literature [18,22].

Liesje Donkin, Nathan Henry, Amy Kercher, Mangor Pedersen, Holly Wilson, Amy Hai Yan Chan

Interact J Med Res 2025;14:e60548

Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study

Identifying Digital Markers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Remote Monitoring Setting: Prospective Observational Study

The platform sends notifications via the Active App to remind study participants to fill out the questionnaires and other prompts; related timestamps are recorded when the notification is delivered when participants start filling out the questionnaires and finish them.

Heet Sankesara, Hayley Denyer, Shaoxiong Sun, Qigang Deng, Yatharth Ranjan, Pauline Conde, Zulqarnain Rashid, Philip Asherson, Andrea Bilbow, Madeleine J Groom, Chris Hollis, Richard J B Dobson, Amos Folarin, Jonna Kuntsi

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e54531

mHealth Engagement for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among People With HIV and Substance Use Disorders: Observational Study

mHealth Engagement for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among People With HIV and Substance Use Disorders: Observational Study

RQ1: For Black participants, which types of m Health engagement predict ART medication adherence, and through which mediators? RQ2: For White participants, which types of m Health engagement predict ART medication adherence, and through which mediators? RQ3: How does the relationship between m Health engagement and ART medication adherence differ between Black and White participants? Recruitment took place at 2 US health clinics.

Ranran Z Mi, Ellie Fan Yang, Alexander Tahk, Adati Tarfa, Lynne M Cotter, Linqi Lu, Sijia Yang, David H Gustafson Sr, Ryan Westergaard, Dhavan Shah

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e57774

Unveiling Usage Patterns and Explaining Usage of Symptom Checker Apps: Explorative Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study

Unveiling Usage Patterns and Explaining Usage of Symptom Checker Apps: Explorative Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study

If participants had symptoms, they stated what kind of symptoms they had, whether they took medication, and if they used a specific SCA [17]. If participants used the SCA on a day this was classified as a use-case, if the SCA was not used on a day this was classified as a nonuse case. Participants were asked if the symptoms appeared for the first time. Those who reported symptoms were asked to describe them in open-ended responses.

Anna-Jasmin Wetzel, Christine Preiser, Regina Müller, Stefanie Joos, Roland Koch, Tanja Henking, Hannah Haumann

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e55161

User Requirements for an Electronic Patient Recruitment System: Semistructured Interview Analysis After First Implementation in 3 German University Hospitals

User Requirements for an Electronic Patient Recruitment System: Semistructured Interview Analysis After First Implementation in 3 German University Hospitals

This study consists of a total of 11 participants, comprising 7 clinical trial investigators, 2 research assistants, and 2 physicians. In 1 instance, the interview was conducted with 2 individuals simultaneously. The ages of the interviewees ranged from 25 to 34 years (2 participants), 35 to 44 years (4 participants), and 45 to 54 years (4 participants). The average number of years of professional experience in patient recruitment was 10.4 years (range 1-21 years).

Alexandra Stein, Romina Blasini, Cosima Strantz, Kai Fitzer, Christian Gulden, Torsten Leddig, Wolfgang Hoffmann

JMIR Hum Factors 2024;11:e56872

Use of the FallAkte Plus System as an IT Infrastructure for the North Rhine-Westphalian General Practice Research Network: Mixed Methods Usability Study

Use of the FallAkte Plus System as an IT Infrastructure for the North Rhine-Westphalian General Practice Research Network: Mixed Methods Usability Study

Participants received emails with login credentials for registering in the FA+ system. They were further provided with a link to an on-demand tutorial video demonstrating the step-by-step process of installing and logging into the FA+ system. Digital sessions were subsequently arranged for groups of participants (n=1-3). Participants were instructed to verbalize each step they took while using the interface, including tasks such as installation, login, and use of the FA+ system.

Arezoo Bozorgmehr, Simon-Konstantin Thiem, Dorothea Wild, Melanie Reinsdorff, Horst Christian Vollmar, Annika Kappernagel, Kathrin Schloessler, Sabine Weissbach, Michael Pentzek, Dorothea Dehnen, Julia Drexler, Beate Sigrid Mueller, Larisa Pilic, Lion Lehmann, Susanne Loescher, Elena Darinka Hohmann, Friederike Frank, Gülay Ates, Susanne Kersten, Achim Mortsiefer, Benjamin Aretz, Birgitta Weltermann

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e53206

Examining Passively Collected Smartphone-Based Data in the Days Prior to Psychiatric Hospitalization for a Suicidal Crisis: Comparative Case Analysis

Examining Passively Collected Smartphone-Based Data in the Days Prior to Psychiatric Hospitalization for a Suicidal Crisis: Comparative Case Analysis

This paper focuses on a comprehensive case review of 2 participants, detailing their passive (ie, obtained via screenomics screenshot capture) and active (ie, obtained via EMA) risk profiles that culminated in suicidal crises and subsequent psychiatric hospitalization.

Ross Jacobucci, Brooke Ammerman, Nilam Ram

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e55999

Evaluation of Eligibility Criteria Relevance for the Purpose of IT-Supported Trial Recruitment: Descriptive Quantitative Analysis

Evaluation of Eligibility Criteria Relevance for the Purpose of IT-Supported Trial Recruitment: Descriptive Quantitative Analysis

The successful implementation of CTs depends on the recruitment of a suitable number of participants who fulfill all EC. Insufficient participant recruitment is the foremost reason for the premature discontinuation of CTs, which raises ethical concerns because participants are exposed to risk, without potential benefits. Furthermore, the extension of the recruitment period is also associated with significant financial costs and is consequently inefficient [6-10].

Romina Blasini, Cosima Strantz, Christian Gulden, Sven Helfer, Jakub Lidke, Hans-Ulrich Prokosch, Keywan Sohrabi, Henning Schneider

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e49347

Methods for Authenticating Participants in Fully Web-Based Mobile App Trials from the iReach Project: Cross-sectional Study

Methods for Authenticating Participants in Fully Web-Based Mobile App Trials from the iReach Project: Cross-sectional Study

The participants were a racially and ethnically diverse sample with at least 50% (300/600) identity as people of color or from rural communities. After enrollment, eligible participants assigned to the experimental arm had access to the i Reach web app over 12 months of the study.

Jodie L Guest, Elizabeth Adam, Iaah L Lucas, Cristian J Chandler, Rebecca Filipowicz, Nicole Luisi, Laura Gravens, Kingsley Leung, Tanaka Chavanduka, Erin E Bonar, Jose A Bauermeister, Rob Stephenson, Patrick S Sullivan

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021;9(8):e28232