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Understanding Providers’ Attitude Toward AI in India’s Informal Health Care Sector: Survey Study

Understanding Providers’ Attitude Toward AI in India’s Informal Health Care Sector: Survey Study

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with over 80% of reported cases and deaths originating from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) worldwide [1]. Among these countries, India shoulders a substantial burden, accounting for a quarter of all TB cases and resulting in approximately 89,000 deaths in the year 2019 alone [2]. The COVID-19 pandemic further worsened these global inequalities, particularly by disrupting TB diagnostic and treatment services [3,4].

Sumeet Kumar, Snehil Rayal, Raghuram Bommaraju, Navya Pratyusha Varasala, Sirisha Papineni, Sarang Deo

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e54156

Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention (DOT Selfie) in Increasing Treatment Adherence Monitoring and Support for Patients With Tuberculosis in Uganda: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention (DOT Selfie) in Increasing Treatment Adherence Monitoring and Support for Patients With Tuberculosis in Uganda: Randomized Controlled Trial

The End TB Strategy envisions a world free of tuberculosis (TB), with zero deaths, disease, and suffering due to TB by 2035 [1]. In 2022, an estimated 10.6 million new cases were reported, while 1.6 million people died from TB worldwide [2]. Although effective treatments for TB disease have existed for over 50 years, nonadherence to medication remains a common problem among patients and poses a significant obstacle to achieving the goals of the End TB Strategy [1,3].

Juliet Nabbuye Sekandi, Esther Buregyeya, Sarah Zalwango, Damalie Nakkonde, Patrick Kaggwa, Trang Ho Thu Quach, David Asiimwe, Lynn Atuyambe, Kevin Dobbin

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e57991

Interventions to Maintain HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Service Delivery During Public Health Emergencies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Interventions to Maintain HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Service Delivery During Public Health Emergencies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review

The findings from this review will inform the development of national and global guidance on the maintenance of services for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria during public health emergencies. What interventions have been implemented to maintain the delivery of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria services during public health emergencies in low- and middle-income countries?

Steven Ndugwa Kabwama, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Helena Lindgren, Neda Razaz, John M Ssenkusu, Tobias Alfvén

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e64316

The Use of “Cancer Ratio” in Differentiating Malignant and Tuberculous Pleural Effusions: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study

The Use of “Cancer Ratio” in Differentiating Malignant and Tuberculous Pleural Effusions: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study

Previously published studies in India have revealed tuberculosis and malignancy to be common causes of exudative pleural effusion in India [2-5]. The implications of tuberculosis and malignancy being the cause of pleural effusion are strikingly different. The diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion (TPE) indicates a potentially curable disease. In contrast, a malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is evidence of an advanced stage of malignancy with incurability and a poor prognosis [6].

Sai Pooja Chalamalasetty, Preetam Acharya, Thomas Antony, Anand Ramakrishna, Himani Kotian

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e56592

Analysis of Tuberculosis Epidemiological Distribution Characteristics in Fujian Province, China, 2005-2021: Spatial-Temporal Analysis Study

Analysis of Tuberculosis Epidemiological Distribution Characteristics in Fujian Province, China, 2005-2021: Spatial-Temporal Analysis Study

Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease, has been endangering human health over the years. In Europe, in the 17th and 18th centuries, TB was known as the “white plague,” infecting almost 100% of the population and killing 25% of the population [1,2]. As one of the high-burden countries, Chinese TB control still needs to be strengthened [3]. Over the years, TB incidence has shown a downward trend year by year.

Shanshan Yu, Meirong Zhan, Kangguo Li, Qiuping Chen, Qiao Liu, Laurent Gavotte, Roger Frutos, Tianmu Chen

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024;10:e49123

Development and Validation of Deep Learning–Based Infectivity Prediction in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Through Chest Radiography: Retrospective Study

Development and Validation of Deep Learning–Based Infectivity Prediction in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Through Chest Radiography: Retrospective Study

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a global health concern that continues to challenge public health systems. In 2022, it affected approximately 10.6 million people, with an incidence rate of 133 per 100,000 people. Notably, it has claimed the lives of approximately 1.13 million patients who are HIV negative and 167,000 patients who are HIV positive, underscoring its high mortality rate [1]. Many people are infected with the tuberculosis bacteria, but not all develop active tuberculosis.

Wou young Chung, Jinsik Yoon, Dukyong Yoon, Songsoo Kim, Yujeong Kim, Ji Eun Park, Young Ae Kang

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e58413

Toward a Clinical Decision Support System for Monitoring Therapeutic Antituberculosis Medical Drugs in Tanzania (Project TuberXpert): Protocol for an Algorithm' Development and Implementation

Toward a Clinical Decision Support System for Monitoring Therapeutic Antituberculosis Medical Drugs in Tanzania (Project TuberXpert): Protocol for an Algorithm' Development and Implementation

Even though tuberculosis (TB) is curable, it remains one of the leading causes of death from a single bacterial infection worldwide. The World Health Assembly declared the end of TB with a drastic reduction in death and incidence; however, the decrease is at a suboptimal pace, only 11% and 9.2%, contrary to at least 20% and 35% by 2020, respectively [1,2].

Yann Thoma, Annie E Cathignol, Yuan J Pétermann, Margaretha L Sariko, Bibie Said, Chantal Csajka, Monia Guidi, Stellah G Mpagama

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e58720

Clinical Data Flow in Botswana Clinics: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Assessment

Clinical Data Flow in Botswana Clinics: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Assessment

Ensuring that frontline clinicians have proper access to data could improve clinical outcomes on a wide range of issues, from the correct treatment of pediatric malaria [5] to decreasing medication errors in tuberculosis treatment and even reducing patient wait times in clinics [6].

Grey Faulkenberry, Audrey Masizana, Badisa Mosesane, Kagiso Ndlovu

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e52411

Adapting and Evaluating a Brief Advice Tobacco Cessation Intervention in High-reach, Low-resource Settings in India: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Adapting and Evaluating a Brief Advice Tobacco Cessation Intervention in High-reach, Low-resource Settings in India: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Recently, NSF identified the potential for NGOs working on tuberculosis (TB) and treatment to deliver tobacco cessation, along with a need for less intensive interventions, setting the stage to test a brief intervention that requires few resources to implement [40].

Sitara L Mahtani, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, Himanshu A Gupte, Gauri Mandal, Dinesh Jagiasi, Ratandeep Chawla, Marina D'Costa, Ziming Xuan, Sara Minsky, Shoba Ramanadhan

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e57236

Using mHealth Technologies for Case Finding in Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Africa: Systematic Review

Using mHealth Technologies for Case Finding in Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Africa: Systematic Review

The World Health Organization has long recommended and supported contact tracing for tuberculosis and Ebola [15,16] and promotes contact tracing as a critical intervention for tuberculosis control in high-burden countries [16]. Tuberculosis contact tracing can be seen as a cascade of activities that begins with finding an individual with the disease of interest, referred to as the index patient, and collecting information about their close contacts [12].

Don Lawrence Mudzengi, Herbert Chomutare, Jeniffer Nagudi, Thobani Ntshiqa, J Lucian Davis, Salome Charalambous, Kavindhran Velen

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024;12:e53211