Multimodal In-Vehicle Hypoglycemia Warning for Drivers With Type 1 Diabetes: Design and Evaluation in Simulated and Real-World Driving

Caterina Bérubé   ¹ , PhD ;   Martin Maritsch   ¹ , PhD ;   Vera Franziska Lehmann   ^{1, 2} , Dr med, PhD ;   Mathias Kraus   ³ , Prof Dr ;   Stefan Feuerriegel   ^{1, 4} , Prof Dr ;   Thomas Züger   ^{1, 2, 5} , Dr med, PhD ;   Felix Wortmann   ^{1, 6} , Prof Dr ;   Christoph Stettler   ^{1, 2} , Prof Dr ;   Elgar Fleisch   ^{1, 6} , Prof Dr ;   A Baki Kocaballi   ⁷ , PhD ;   Tobias Kowatsch   ^{1, 6, 8} , Prof Dr

¹ Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

² Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

³ School of Business, Economics and Society, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit¨at Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany

⁴ LMU Munich School of Management, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

⁵ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Kantonsspital Olten, Olten, Switzerland

⁶ Institute of Technology Management, University of St.Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland

⁷ School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

⁸ Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland