Published on in Vol 12 (2025)

1 Empirical Software Engineering in Software Systems and Services, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
2 Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
3 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
4 Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, Neurocenter (Member of ERN EpiCARE), Oulu, Finland
5 Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
6 Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
7 Cerenion Ltd, Oulu, Finland
8 Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
*these authors contributed equally
