Published on in Vol 13 (2026)

1 Department of Nursing and Center for Smart Healthcare Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi, Taiwan
2 Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
3 Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
4 Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Taiwan
5 Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
*all authors contributed equally
