This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Theme Issue: AI and Human Factors—Towards Successful Application of AI in Health Care (23) Computer-Aided Diagnosis (253) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (748) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (721)

Published on in Vol 10 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/47564, first published .
User Intentions to Use ChatGPT for Self-Diagnosis and Health-Related Purposes: Cross-sectional Survey Study

User Intentions to Use ChatGPT for Self-Diagnosis and Health-Related Purposes: Cross-sectional Survey Study

User Intentions to Use ChatGPT for Self-Diagnosis and Health-Related Purposes: Cross-sectional Survey Study

Authors of this article:

Yeganeh Shahsavar1 Author Orcid Image ;   Avishek Choudhury1 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (186) Tweetations (10) Metrics

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  117. Pellozo Cerqueira1 B, Cappellette da Silva Leite1 V, Gonzaga França1 C, Sergio Leitão Filho2 F, Maria Faresin2 S, Gassmann Figueiredo3 R, Antunes Cetlin4 A, Serrasqueiro Ballini Caetano2 L, Baddini-Martinez2 J. Evaluation of the accuracy of ChatGPT in answering asthma-related questions. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 2025:e20240388 View
  118. Van Tran H, Vo Thi Phuong L, Nguyen Cong Q, Tran Le Tam N. Which factor most influences the decision of 10th grade students to use ChatGPT for programming education? A case study in Da Nang City, Vietnam. Interactive Learning Environments 2025:1 View
  119. Moghavvemi S, Jam F. Unraveling the influential factors driving persistent adoption of ChatGPT in learning environments. Education and Information Technologies 2025;30(15):22443 View
  120. Dyduch W, Brzozowska A. Artificial intelligence in tourism management: theoretical underpinnings, empirical tests and the SmartTourAI framework. Central European Management Journal 2025 View
  121. Chen J, Xie W, Xie Q, Hu A, Qiao Y, Wan R, Liu Y. A Systematic Review of User Attitudes Toward GenAI: Influencing Factors and Industry Perspectives. Journal of Intelligence 2025;13(7):78 View
  122. Lim J, Hong N. Perceived Search Overload, Generative AI Credibility, and Comparative Usefulness: A Channel Complementarity Approach to Health Information Seeking. Health & New Media Research 2025;9(1):124 View
  123. Lukas C, Tuncer Z, Breitschwerdt R. Writing or speaking: a quantitative survey of communication modes with conversational agents to promote mental health among young adults in Germany. i-com 2025 View
  124. Jung Y, Jo H. Understanding Continuance Intention of Generative AI in Education: An ECM-Based Study for Sustainable Learning Engagement. Sustainability 2025;17(13):6082 View
  125. Bhatia A, Dassani P. Factors Affecting Behavioural Intention to Use Generative Artificial Intelligence Tool: A Multigroup Analysis. Information Systems Frontiers 2025 View
  126. Nguyen O, Ahmad A, Wiegmann D. Correlates of Trust of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools Among Patients and Caregivers: A Review of Empirical Research. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 2025;69(1):1656 View
  127. Joerg L, Kabakova M, Wang J, Austin E, Cohen M, Kurtti A, Jagdeo J. AI‐generated dermatologic images show deficient skin tone diversity and poor diagnostic accuracy: An experimental study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2025;39(12):2134 View
  128. Lee Y, Ahn H, Jo H. Exploring the Drivers and Outcomes of Generative AI Usage: The Role of Metacognition. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2025:1 View
  129. Martina S, Cannatà D, Paduano T, Schettino V, Giordano F, Galdi M. Reliability of Large Language Model-Based Chatbots Versus Clinicians as Sources of Information on Orthodontics: A Comparative Analysis. Dentistry Journal 2025;13(8):343 View
  130. Yu J, Yan W, Gong J, Wang S, Nah K, Cheng W. Motivation of University Students to Use LLMs to Assist with Online Consumption of Sustainable Products: An Analysis Based on a Hybrid SEM–ANN Approach. Applied Sciences 2025;15(14):8088 View
  131. Svestkova A, Huang Y, Smahel D. Factors that influence trust and willingness to use generative AI for health information: A cross-sectional study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2025;11 View
  132. Lopez‐Lopez E, Abels C, Holford D, Herzog S, Lewandowsky S. Generative artificial intelligence–mediated confirmation bias in health information seeking. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2025;1550(1):23 View
  133. Cui X, Gu Y, Fang H, Zhu T. Development and evaluation of LLM-based suicide intervention chatbot. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025;16 View
  134. Yokoe T, Roversi G, Sevivas N, Kamei N, Diniz P, Pereira H. The assessment of ChatGPT‐4's performance compared to expert's consensus on chronic lateral ankle instability. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics 2025;12(3) View
  135. Yadegaridehkordi E, Foroughi B, Ghobakhloo M. Factors Affecting Academic Staff’s Willingness to Use ChatGPT for Teaching and Learning: A PLS-SEM and ANN Approach. Innovative Higher Education 2025 View
  136. Wang B, Shibo B, Kafle J. When ChatGPT Speaks About Health: Examining Perceptions of Warmth and Competence Toward AI as a Health Information Source. Journal of Health Communication 2025:1 View
  137. Collins C, Fackler J, Sacco M, Jacobs M. Critical conversations: a user-centric approach to chatbots for history taking in the pediatric intensive care unit. Frontiers in Pediatrics 2025;13 View
  138. Niu Z, Kuang X, Chen J, Cai X, Zhang P. The application and challenges of ChatGPT in laboratory medicine. Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio 2025 View
  139. Sahhar M, Nassar J, Rouffiac A, Crow K, Singh M, Farias M, Diebo B, Daniels A. Enhanced Surgical Instructions Using Large Language Models. JAMA Surgery 2025;160(10):1158 View
  140. Mahmoudi Ghehsareh M, Asri N, Azizmohammad Looha M, Sadeghi A, Ciacci C, Rostami-Nejad M. Expert evaluation of ChatGPT accuracy and reliability for basic celiac disease frequently asked questions. Scientific Reports 2025;15(1) View
  141. Guo S, Song Y, Chen G, Han H, Wu H, Ma J. Promoting trust and intention to adopt health information generated by ChatGPT among healthcare customers: An empirical study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2025;11 View
  142. Hajdari S, Farooq M, Habib A, Siddiqui A, Sarfraz L, Habib S, Mirza U, Boshara M, Fadlalla M. Evaluating large language models in neuro-oncology: A comparative study of accuracy, completeness, and clinical usefulness. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2025;141:111597 View
  143. Ghasemi S, Amiri P, Galavi Z. Advantages and Limitations of ChatGPT in Healthcare: A Scoping Review. Health Science Reports 2025;8(9) View
  144. Bouebdallah N, Ben Youssef W. Assessing students’ intention to adopt generative artificial intelligence. Journal of Accounting Education 2025;72:100984 View
  145. Owan V, Mohammed I, Bello A, Shittu T. Higher education students’ ChatGPT use behavior: Structural equation modelling of contributing factors through a modified UTAUT model. Contemporary Educational Technology 2025;17(4):ep592 View
  146. Teo Z, Thirunavukarasu A, Elangovan K, Cheng H, Moova P, Soetikno B, Nielsen C, Pollreisz A, Ting D, Morris R, Shah N, Langlotz C, Ting D. Generative artificial intelligence in medicine. Nature Medicine 2025;31(10):3270 View
  147. Luo X, Wang Z, Tilley J, Balarajan S, Bassey U, Cheang C. Seeking Emotional and Mental Health Support from Generative AI: A Mixed-Method Study of ChatGPT User Experiences (Preprint). JMIR Mental Health 2025 View
  148. Demir G, Sevri M, Hacıosmanoğlu C, Büyüktaşkın D, Özaslan A. Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models in Addressing Autism-Related Information Queries: Insights from ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot. Gazi Medical Journal 2025;36(4):407 View
  149. Davuluri T, Gabriel P, Wainstein M, Ekwenna O. Quality assessment of patient-facing urologic telesurgery content using validated tools. Journal of Robotic Surgery 2025;19(1) View
  150. Yener R, Chen G, Gumusel E, Bashir M. Can I Trust This Chatbot? Assessing User Privacy in AI‐Healthcare Chatbot Applications. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 2025;62(1):809 View
  151. West M, Alsaidi A, Siddiqi R, Sayyed F, Counts R, Quinto L, Stansbury N. Artificial intelligence in obstetrics and gynecology: Evaluating ChatGPT and Google Gemini in answering patient questions. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2025 View
  152. Pornwattanakavee S, Leelakanok N, Todsarot T, Guinto G, Takun R, Sumativit A, Senngam M. Effectiveness of ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot in Answering Thai Drug Information Queries: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR AI 2025;4:e79751 View
  153. Furtado V, Araujo J, Furtado E, Bomfim R, Silva V, Mororó N, Vasconcelos L, Carvalho C, Severo M, Torres J, Oliveira J, Freitas A. Assessing the User Experience of an LLM-Based Conversational Assistant in Diabetes Mellitus Care. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 2025 View
  154. Farooq F, Bashir I. Role of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) in Shaping User Perception Towards the Adoption of Mobile Health Applications. Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 2025 View
  155. Liu X, Zhang X. Applying large multimodal models in school mental health counseling. Journal of Affective Disorders 2026;393:119214 View
  156. Kim J, Jo H. Dynamics of Generative AI Responsiveness and Empathy in Enhancing Work Performance: Moderating Effects of Organizational Culture. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2025:1 View
  157. Sarma K, Hanss K, Halls A, Krystal A, Becker D, Glowinski A, Butte A. Integrating expert knowledge into large language models improves performance for psychiatric reasoning and diagnosis. Psychiatry Research 2026;355:116844 View
  158. Mina A, Ghadban E, Boutros T, Saade N, Fayad L, Karam M, Breidi S, Elias M, Ghosh M, Khoury L, Naassan N, Khoury R. AI chatbots as ‘pocket doctors’: intimate health support for young women in Lebanon. BMC Public Health 2025;25(1) View
  159. Durosini I, Masiero M, Strika M, Mazzoni D, Pravettoni G. Attitudes toward the use of ChatGPT to seek oncological information: a qualitative study. Frontiers in Psychology 2025;16 View
  160. Hossain S, Ayodele B. Revolutionizing Teaching and Learning of Material Science and Engineering in Chemical Engineering: The Impact of Generative AI. Journal of Chemical Education 2025;102(12):5160 View
  161. Wang Q, Amugo I, Rajakaruna H, Irudayam M, Xie H, Shanker A, Adunyah S. Evaluating GPT-5 for Melanoma Detection Using Dermoscopic Images. Diagnostics 2025;15(23):3052 View
  162. Niu Z, Kuang X, Chen J, Cai X, Zhang P. Aplicaciones y retos de ChatGPT en la medicina de laboratorio. Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio 2025 View
  163. Guo Y, Jiang A, Rao C, Zhang D. Role division between parents and teachers in home-school cooperation: mediating effect based on teachers’ expectations and perceptions. Frontiers in Psychology 2025;16 View
  164. Falardeau T, Clark M, Laux J, Long S, Reynolds J, Jacoby R, Waters L, Cunningham J. Counselors Providing Care to Clients Who Self‐Diagnose via the Internet and Social Media: A Grounded Theory. Journal of Counseling & Development 2025 View
  165. Truong L, Wrightson J, Vincent R, Lui E, Couch J, Wang E, Starcevich C, Giustini D, Haagaard A, Lopatina E, van Berkel N, Rathleff M, Ardern C. Not ready for prime time: No currently-available digital health tools that can triage musculoskeletal conditions have sufficient evidence to support use in primary, urgent, and emergency care settings. A scoping review (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025 View
  166. Bubna D, Mattos N, Luiz L, Baratto-Filho F, Mattos-Calil M, Silva-Sousa M, Küchler E, Schroder Â, Araujo C, Araujo B. Can Large Language Models Detect Periapical Lesions in Anterior Teeth? A Comparative Study. Brazilian Dental Journal 2025;36 View
  167. Schaarup J, Isaksen A, Norman K, Bjerg L, Hulman A. Trust in large language model-based solutions in healthcare among people with and without diabetes: a cross-sectional survey from the Health in Central Denmark cohort. BMJ Digital Health & AI 2025;1(1):e000090 View
  168. Meyer A, Schömig E, Streichert T. ChatGPT and reference intervals: a comparative analysis of repeatability in GPT-3.5 Turbo, GPT-4, and GPT-4o. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2025;8 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. . Artificial Intelligence Applications Using ChatGPT in Education. View
  2. Htet A, Liana S, Aung T, Bhaumik A. Advanced Applications of Generative AI and Natural Language Processing Models. View
  3. Nielsen E, Owen T, Roach M, Dix A. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. View
  4. Elinzano G, Payawal B, Ebardo R. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advances in Computational Science and Engineering. View
  5. Wee A, Lin M, Jenkins M, Lee S. Navigating Health Information in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. View
  6. Lin S. Navigating Health Information in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. View
  7. Ben Khizzou N, Aarabe M, Bouizgar M, Alla L, Benjelloun A. Intersection of Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Cutting-Edge Technologies: From Concepts to Applications in Smart Environment. View
  8. Aknouch A, Soussi H, El-Ouardi Y, Belcadi H, Aitouhanni I, Dahbi A, Rachmoune K. Innovation and Transformation of Public Health. View
  9. Suresh S, Simon S, Nithyananda S. The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education. View
  10. Siripipatthanakul S, Chaiprakarn S, Rungsiyanont S, Phuangsuwan P. Sustainable Development for Hospitals and Clinics. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Shah M, Dharejo N, Shah S, Dayo F, Murtaza G. 2024 IEEE 1st Karachi Section Humanitarian Technology Conference (KHI-HTC). Designing a Conceptual Model: Predictors Influencing the Acceptance of ChatGPT Usage in the Academia of Underdeveloped Countries View
  2. Jin Y, Chandra M, Verma G, Hu Y, De Choudhury M, Kumar S. Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024. Better to Ask in English: Cross-Lingual Evaluation of Large Language Models for Healthcare Queries View
  3. Mater W. 2024 2nd International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR). Intention to Use ChatGPT from Healthcare Workers: Jordan Case Study View
  4. Seabrooke T, Schneiders E, Dowthwaite L, Krook J, Leesakul N, Clos J, Maior H, Fischer J. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems. A Survey of Lay People's Willingness to Generate Legal Advice using Large Language Models (LLMs) View
  5. Krapp E, Neuhaus R, Hassenzahl M, Laschke M. Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. In a Quasi-Social Relationship With ChatGPT. An Autoethnography on Engaging With Prompt-Engineered LLM Personas View
  6. Pang W, Liew T, Tan S, Teo S, Lee Y, Lim T. Proceedings of the 2024 The 6th World Symposium on Software Engineering (WSSE). Analyzing Use Intentions for Health-Diagnostic Chatbots: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model Approach View
  7. Yun H, Bickmore T. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Framing Health Information: The Impact of Search Methods and Source Types on User Trust and Satisfaction in the Age of LLMs View
  8. Yang Y, Tan Y, Lin Y, King J, Liu Z, Lee Y. Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Understanding How Psychological Distance Influences User Preferences in Conversational versus Web Search View