Published on in Vol 13 (2026)

1 School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
2 Research Centre for SHARP Vision, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
3 Lab of Brain-inspired Algorithm and Model, Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
4 State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
5 Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
6 The Center for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, China
*these authors contributed equally
